FCC解釋性裁決認定自動語音電話使用AI生成語音非法
· 2024-02-11

FCC裁定人工智慧生成語音即為人工語音,需要符合《電話消費者保護法》中對自動語音電話的規範,也就是說行銷人員在自動撥打消費者電話時,必須事先獲得消費者書面同意,否則即違法

image credit: iThome made with Copilot in Microsoft Edge

依據《電話消費者保護法》(TCPA)FCC做出了一項解釋性裁決,認定使用人工智慧生成語音進行通話,在TCPA下會被視為人工(Artificial)語音,也就是說,執法單位現在不僅能針對人工智慧語音生成的騷擾電話所造成的負面結果採取行動,也能打擊在騷擾電話中採用人工智慧生成語音的行為。

人工智慧在增進人們生活品質與生產力的同時,也帶來詐欺與誤導訊息等負面影響,FCC主席Jessica Rosenworcel指出,不法份子使用人工智慧生成語音,在未經請求的騷擾電話中,勒索家庭成員,模仿名人甚至誤導選民。州檢察長將會運用新工具打擊這些詐騙,讓公眾免受詐欺和誤導資訊的侵害。

事實上,這些詐騙電話在過去幾年逐漸增加,生成式人工智慧被濫用於模仿名人、政治候選人,或是家庭成員來混淆視聽、傳播錯誤資訊。在美國雖然各州檢察長,過去只能打擊人工智慧語音生成的騷擾電話所造成的結果,像是詐欺等行為,但現在FCC所做的這項解釋性裁定,這代表人工智慧生成語音現在被納入現有法律框架中,適用人工或是預錄語音訊息的規範,讓騷擾電話中使用人工智慧語音的行為本身成為非法,擴大執法機構可根據法律追究行為者責任的途徑。

《電話消費者保護法》是FCC用於限制垃圾電話的主要法律,其限制自動電話撥號系統、人工或預錄語音訊息的撥號行為,根據FCC的規定,要求電話行銷人員在自動撥打消費者電話時,必須事先獲得消費者的書面同意,而這項解釋性裁決確認人工智慧產生的聲音,也需要符合相同的標準。

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