資安業者Wiz揭露Hugging Face的跨租戶攻擊漏洞
· 2024-04-08

Wiz研究人員發現Hugging Face的共享推論基礎設施以及共享CI/CD含有遭攻擊者接管的資安風險,對此Hugging Face已緩解相關漏洞,並訂定了於平臺上使用Pickle的新政策

Pickle為機器學習模型中被廣泛使用的序列化格式,也是Python開源機器學習框架PyTorch模型權重的預設格式。簡單地說,Python中的Pickle模組可以將一個Python物件轉成二進位(序列),也能自二進位重建原始物件(反序列),其序列化時所產生的二進位檔案也稱為Pickle。

儘管被廣泛使用,但Python明文警告Pickle並不安全,因為它可能允許駭客打造惡意的資料,以在反序列期間執行任意程式,並強力建議不要反序列任何來自不明來源或可能已被竄改的資料。

總之,Wiz成功地上傳了惡意模型,再藉由容器逃逸技術來突破租戶限制,得以存取Hugging Face平臺上其它客戶所存放的模型。

另一方面,為了緩解Wiz所發現的安全風險,Hugging Face已與微軟合作打造Picklescan以掃描惡意的Pickle檔案,也推動可用來取代Pickle檔案的Safetensors。根據Wiz的分析,Hugging Face平臺支援多種AI模型格式,當中最普及的即是Pickle與Safetensors。

Hugging Face指出,即使Pickle檔案存在許多安全漏洞,但AI與機器學習社群依然經常使用Pickle,有眾多的例子都是用來進行低風險的測試目的,也讓Pickle更為研究人員所熟悉及利用,作為開源的AI平臺,Hugging Face並不打算完全封鎖Pickle檔案,但也不想毫無作為,決定尋求一個既允許Pickle又可減緩Pickle風險的方法。

其針對Pickle的緩解措施包括建立詳述相關風險的文件,開發自動掃描工具,藉由掃描工具標註含有安全漏洞的模型並提出明確的警告,以Safetensors來取代Pickle,將Safetensors視為該平臺的一等公民,以保護可能不了解Pickle風險的社群成員。

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