美國法院裁決海關必須先取得法院許可才能檢查旅客手機
支付動態 · 2024-07-30

一名美國公民投訴美國海關人員非法搜查他的手機,遭負責審理的紐約州聯邦法官駁回,但法官仍裁決海關在沒有法院搜索票的情況下逕行檢查遊客手機的行為違憲

美國海關暨邊境保護局(CBP)

美國紐約州一名聯邦法官上周裁決,海關人員在沒有法院搜索票的情況下,不得檢查遊客的手機。不過,此一裁決理論上只適用於紐約東區的陸地、海港或機場等邊界。

此案源自於一名美國公民Kurbonali Sultanov在2022年從甘迺迪機場要進入美國時,由於他被視為兒童性虐待內容的潛在購買者或擁有者,觸發了美國執法通訊系統的警報,因而遭到海關人員的詢問,海關人員請他交出手機,還要求他交出密碼,並說Sultanov除了交出密碼之外別無選擇,結果海關人員在他的手機上查獲了犯罪內容。

於是Sultanov提出了一項動議,認為海關人員非法搜查他的手機,應該排除於手機內所取得的證據。

該法院認為,在邊境檢查旅客的電子裝置之間,政府必須先根據可能的原因獲得搜索令,否則便會違反美國憲法《第一修正案》(First Amendment)對言論自由的保護,也違反了《第四修正案》(Fourth Amendment)對不合理搜查及扣押的保護,此外,搜查個人電子裝置更是直接侵犯了個人隱私。

不過,法院認為海關人員並非故意違反《第四修正案》,而是基於合理的信賴與善意來執行搜查,適用於善意例外原則,最終還是駁回了Sultanov要求排除相關證據的動議。

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